Magnetic Materials
What materials are most frequently used for magnetic cores? What can coils
can be wound on to make electromagnets?
Common Materials
This table describes some of the more common
"soft" magnetic materials. These retain only a very small residual magnetism after the magnetizing
force (coil) is removed. They would not make
"hard" or permanent magnets, but would be extremely useful for motors and solenoids and other
magnetic circuits.
Magnetic Materials
|
Material |
Form |
Apprx % Composition |
Permeability at B=20 gauss |
Maximum permeability |
Saturation flux density B gauss |
| Fe |
Ni |
Co |
Mo |
Other |
| Cold rolled steel |
Sheet |
98.5 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
180 |
2,000 |
21,000 |
| Iron |
Sheet |
99.91 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
200 |
5,000 |
21,500 |
| Purified iron |
Sheet |
99.95 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
5,000 |
180,000 |
21,500 |
4% Silicon-iron
Grain-oriented1 |
Sheet
Sheet |
96
97 |
---
--- |
---
--- |
---
--- |
4 Si
3 Si |
500
1,500 |
7,000
30,000 |
19,700
20,000 |
| 45 Permalloy |
Sheet |
54.7 |
45 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
2,500 |
25,000 |
16,000 |
| 45 Permalloy2 |
Sheet |
54.7 |
45 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
4,000 |
50,000 |
16,000 |
| Hipernik |
Sheet |
50 |
50 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
4,500 |
70,000 |
16,000 |
| Monimax |
Sheet |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
2,000 |
35,000 |
15,000 |
| Sinimax |
Sheet |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
3,000 |
35,000 |
11,000 |
| 78 Permalloy |
Sheet |
21.2 |
78.5 |
--- |
--- |
0.3 Mn |
8,000 |
100,000 |
10,700 |
| 4-79 Permalloy |
Sheet |
16.7 |
79 |
--- |
4 |
0.3 Mn |
20,000 |
100,000 |
8,700 |
| Mu metal |
Sheet |
18 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
20,000 |
100,000 |
6,500 |
| Supermalloy |
Sheet |
15.7 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
100,000 |
800,000 |
8,000 |
| Permendur |
Sheet |
49.7 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
800 |
5,000 |
24,500 |
| 2V Permendur |
Sheet |
49 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
800 |
4,500 |
24,000 |
| Hiperco |
Sheet |
64 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
650 |
10,000 |
24,200 |
| 2-81 Permalloy |
Insulated powder |
17 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
125 |
130 |
8,000 |
| Carbonyl iron |
Insulated powder |
99.9 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
55 |
132 |
--- |
| Ferroxcube III |
Sintered powder |
|
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
1,000 |
1,500 |
2,500 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes:
- Properties in direction of rolling.
- Similar properties for Nicaloi, 4750 alloy, Carpenter 49, Armco 48.
- At saturation.
- Q, quench or controlled cooling.
Source: "Electrical Engineering Handbook", edited by Richard C. Dorf,
IEEE Press, ©1993, ISBN 0-8493-0185-8.
|